pixy_10q.htm

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended May 31, 2023

☐	TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT

For the transition period from _______ to _______

SEC File No. 001-37954

SHIFTPIXY, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Wyoming		47-4211438
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

13450 W Sunrise Blvd, Suite 650, Sunrise FL		33323
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number: (888) 798-9100

N/A

(Former name, former address and former three months, if changed since last report)

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share		PIXY		The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s only class of common stock, $0.0001 par value was 12,177,191, as of July 14, 2023.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2023 (Unaudited) and August 31, 2022	3
	Condensed Consolidation Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months ended May 31, 2023 and May 31, 2022 (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the Three and Nine Months ended May 31, 2023 and May 31, 2022 (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months ended May 31, 2023 and May 31, 2022 (Unaudited)	7
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	36
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk	50
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	50

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	51
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	51
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	51
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	51
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	51
Item 5.	Other Information	51
Item 6.	Exhibits	52

Signatures		53

Table of Contents

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

ShiftPixy, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

	May 31, 2023			August 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash	$	144,000		$	618,000
Accounts receivable, net of reserve of $10,000 and $0 as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 respectively		537,000			279,000
Unbilled accounts receivable		2,046,000			2,105,000
Prepaid expenses		256,000			696,000
Other current assets		271,000			187,000
Cash and marketable securities held in Trust Account (See Notes 2 and 4)		—			116,969,000
Total current assets		3,254,000			120,854,000

Fixed assets, net		2,665,000			2,769,000
Right-of-use operating lease		3,567,000			4,076,000
Deposits and other assets		1,098,000			919,000
Total assets	$	10,584,000		$	128,618,000

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

Current liabilities
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities	$	18,342,000		$	17,121,000
Payroll related liabilities		24,379,000			16,055,000
Accrued workers’ compensation costs		425,000			568,000
Current liabilities of discontinued operations		1,765,000			1,362,000
Class A common shares of SPAC mandatory redeemable 0 shares and 11,500,000 shares as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022 (See Notes 2 and 4)		—			116,969,000
Total current liabilities		44,911,000			152,075,000

Non-current liabilities
Operating lease liability, non-current		3,017,000			3,541,000
Accrued workers’ compensation costs		922,000			1,227,000
Non-current liabilities of discontinued operations		4,133,000			3,269,000
Total liabilities		52,983,000			160,112,000

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ deficit
Preferred stock, 50,000,000 authorized shares; $0.0001 par value: 0 and 8,600,000 shares issued and outstanding as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022.		—			1,000
Common stock, 750,000,000 authorized shares; $0.0001 par value; 10,110,524 and 513,349 shares issued as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022		6,000			5,000
Additional paid-in capital		168,967,000			151,731,000
Accumulated deficit		(211,372,000	)		(192,725,000	)
Total ShiftPixy, Inc. Stockholders’ deficit		(42,399,000	)		(40,988,000	)

Non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiary (See Note 4)		—			9,494,000

Total stockholders’ deficit		(42,399,000	)		(31,494,000	)

Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	10,584,000		$	128,618,000

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

ShiftPixy, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022			May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022
Revenues (See Note 2)	$	3,988,000		$	9,643,000		$	13,833,000		$	29,021,000
Cost of revenues		3,788,000			9,039,000			12,623,000			27,782,000
Gross profit		200,000			604,000			1,210,000			1,239,000

Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages, and payroll taxes		2,621,000			3,254,000			7,477,000			10,796,000
Professional fees		752,000			2,680,000			2,817,000			6,094,000
Software development		50,000			4,291,000			229,000			6,525,000
Depreciation and amortization		148,000			133,000			447,000			386,000
General and administrative		3,074,000			2,967,000			6,609,000			7,718,000
Total operating expenses		6,645,000			13,325,000			17,579,000			31,519,000

Operating loss		(6,445,000	)		(12,721,000	)		(16,369,000	)		(30,280,000	)

Other (expense) income:
Interest expense		(550,000	)		(1,000	)		(1,007,000	)		(2,000	)
Other income		—			27,000			536,000			43,000
SPAC offering costs		—			—			—			(515,000	)
Total other expense		(550,000	)		26,000			(471,000	)		(474,000	)
Net loss from continuing operations		(6,995,000	)		(12,695,000	)		(16,840,000	)		(30,754,000	)

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax		(460,000	)		(132,000	)		(1,267,000	)		(283,000	)
Non-controlling interest		—			—			(540,000	)		—

Net loss attributable to ShiftPixy, Inc.		(7,455,000	)		(12,827,000	)		(18,647,000	)		(31,037,000	)

Preferred stock preferential dividend		—			—			(127,145,000	)		—
Deemed dividend from change in fair value from warrants modification		—			—			—			(7,731,000	)

Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(7,455,000	)	$	(12,827,000	)	$	(145,792,000	)	$	(38,768,000	)

Net loss per share attributable stockholders, basic and diluted
Continuing operations – basic and diluted	$	(0.70	)	$	(33.08	)	$	(14.84	)	$	(101.72	)
Discontinued operations – basic and diluted		(0.05	)		(0.34	)		(0.13	)		(0.75	)
Net loss per common share – basic and diluted	$	(0.75	)	$	(33.42	)	$	(14.97	)	$	(102.47	)

Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted		10,057,177			383,726			9,739,578			378,349

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ShiftPixy, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Deficit

For the Nine Months Ended May 31, 2023

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock Issued						Common Stock Issued				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Total Stockholders’ Deficit			Noncontrolling			Total Stockholders’
	Shares			Amount			Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			ShiftPixy, Inc.			interest			Deficit
Balance, September 1, 2022		8,600,000		$	1,000			513,349	$	5,000	$	151,731,000		$	(192,725,000	)	$	(40,988,000	)	$	9,494,000		$	(31,494,000	)
Fair market value increase of preferred stock prior to reverse stock split		—			—			—		—		127,145,000			—			127,145,000			—		$	127,145,000
Preferential dividend of preferred stock		—			—			—		—		(127,145,000	)		—			(127,145,000	)		—		$	(127,145,000	)
Common stock issued on exercised prefunded warrants		—			—			124,204		—		1,000			—			1,000			—		$	1,000
Common stock issued for private placement, net of offering costs		—			—			416,667		—		4,387,000			—			4,387,000			—		$	4,387,000
Common stock issued on conversion of preferred shares		(8,600,000	)		(1,000	)		8,600,000		1,000		—			—			—			—		$	—
Stock-based compensation expense		—			—			—		—		735,000			—			735,000			—		$	735,000
Warrant modification expense		—			—			—		—		106,000			—			106,000			—		$	106,000
Additional shares issued due to reverse stock split		—			—			16,976		—		—			—			—			—		$	—
Net proceeds of ATM, net of offering expenses		—			—			439,328		—		1,973,000			—			1,973,000			—		$	1,973,000
Deconsolidation of VIE		—			—			—		—		10,034,000			—			10,034,000			(9,494,000	)	$	540,000
Net loss		—			—			—		—		—			(18,647,000	)		(18,647,000	)		—		$	(18,647,000	)
Balance, May 31, 2023		—		$	—			10,110,524	$	6,000	$	168,967,000		$	(211,372,000	)	$	(42,399,000	)	$	—		$	(42,399,000	)

ShiftPixy, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Deficit

For the Three Months Ended May 31, 2023

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock Issued				Common Stock Issued				Additional Paid-In		Accumulated			Total Stockholders’ Deficit			Noncontrolling		Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			ShiftPixy, Inc.			interest		Deficit
Balance, March 1, 2023		—	$	—		9,976,536		6,000	$	168,193,000	$	(203,917,000	)	$	(35,718,000	)	$	9,494,000	$	(35,718,000	)
Proceeds of ATM, net of offering expenses		—		—		133,988		—		539,000		—		$	539,000			—	$	539,000
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		—		—		235,000		—			235,000			—	$	235,000
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—		(7,455,000	)		(7,455,000	)		—	$	(7,455,000	)
Balance, May 31, 2023		—	$	—		10,110,524	$	6,000	$	168,967,000	$	(211,372,000	)	$	(42,399,000	)	$	—	$	(42,399,000	)

accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ShiftPixy, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

For the Nine Months Ended May 31, 2022

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock Issued				Common Stock Issued				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Total Stockholders’ Deficit			Noncontrolling			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			ShiftPixy, Inc.			interest			Deficit
Balance, September 1, 2021		—	$	—		258,631	$	3,000	$	142,786,000		$	(149,338,000	)	$	(6,549,000	)	$	47,472,000		$	40,923,000
Cumulative effect adjustment for ASC 842 lease accounting adoption		—		—		—		—		—			608,000			608,000			—		$	608,000
Common stock issued for private placement, net of offering cost		—		—		28,500		—		4,183,000			—			4,183,000			—		$	4,183,000
Common stock issued on exercised warrants, net of offering costs		—		—		96,218		1,000		5,409,000			—			5,410,000			—		$	5,410,000
Prefunded warrants from private placement, net of offering costs		—		—		—		—		6,861,000			—			6,861,000			—		$	6,861,000
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		—		—		1,069,000			—			1,069,000			—		$	1,069,000
Remeasurement of IHC temporary equity		—		—		—		—		(13,431,000	)		—			(13,431,000	)		—		$	(13,431,000	)
Withdrawal of SPAC registrations under Form S-1		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			(37,978,000	)	$	(37,978,000	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—			(31,037,000	)		(31,037,000	)		—		$	(31,037,000	)
Balance, May 31, 2022		—	$	—		383,349	$	4,000	$	146,877,000		$	(179,767,000	)	$	(32,886,000	)	$	9,494,000		$	(23,392,000	)

ShiftPixy, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

For the Three Months Ended May 31, 2022

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock Issued				Common Stock Issued				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Total Stockholders’ Deficit			Noncontrolling		Total Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			ShiftPixy, Inc.			interest		Deficit
Balance, March 1, 2022		—	$	—		336,616	$	3,000	$	146,716,000		$	(166,940,000	)	$	(20,221,000	)	$	9,494,000	$	(10,727,000	)
Common stock issued on exercised warrants, net of offering costs		—		—		46,733		1,000		—			—			1,000			—	$	1,000
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		—		—		321,000			—			321,000		$	—	$	321,000
Remeasurement of IHC temporary equity		—		—		—		—		(160,000	)		—			(160,000	)		—	$	(160,000	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—			(12,827,000	)		(12,827,000	)	$	—	$	(12,827,000	)
Balance, May 31, 2022		—		—		383,349		4,000		146,877,000			(179,767,000	)		(32,886,000	)		9,494,000		(23,392,000	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ShiftPixy, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

	For the Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss attributable to ShiftPixy, Inc stockholders	$	(18,647,000	)	$	(31,037,000	)
Loss from discontinued operations		(1,267,000	)		(283,000	)
Non-controlling interest		(540,000	)		—
Net loss from continuing operations		(16,840,000	)		(30,754,000	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operations
Depreciation and amortization		447,000			386,000
Provision for doubtful accounts		10,000			—
Stock-based compensation		735,000			1,069,000
Stock-based compensation – shares for services accrued to directors		169,000			—
Impaired asset expense		—			4,004,000
Warrant modification expense		106,000			—
Expensed SPAC offering cost		—			515,000
Amortization of operating lease		85,000			727,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(268,000	)		146,000
Unbilled accounts receivable		59,000			(729,000	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		356,000			(146,000	)
Deposits – workers’ compensation		—			541,000
Deposits and other assets		(79,000	)		—
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities		952,000			4,573,000
Payroll related liabilities		8,324,000			6,583,000
Accrued workers’ compensation costs		(448,000	)		(295,000	)
Total adjustment		10,448,000			17,374,000
Net cash used in continuing operations		(6,392,000	)		(13,380,000	)
Net cash provided by discontinued operating activities		—			—
Net cash used in operations		(6,392,000	)		(13,380,000	)

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Investment of IHC IPO proceeds into Trust Account		—			(116,765,000	)
Redemption of Trust Account		117,574,000			—
Investment in private company		(100,000	)
Purchase of fixed assets		(343,000	)		(500,000	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		117,131,000			(117,265,000	)

FINANCING ACTIVITIES
SPAC related offering costs paid		—			(3,663,000	)
Proceeds from initial public offering of IHC		—			116,725,000
Payment to IHC shareholders		(117,574,000	)		—
Proceeds from exercised warrants. Net of offering costs		1,000			5,410,000
Proceeds from private placement, net of offering costs		4,387,000			4,183,000
Proceeds from At-The-Market Offering, net of offering costs		1,973,000			—
Deferred offering costs					—
Proceeds from private placement prefunded warrants, net of offering costs		—			6,861,000
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(111,213,000	)		129,516,000
Net increase in cash		(474,000	)		(1,129,000	)
Cash – beginning of period		618,000			1,199,000
Cash – end of period	$	144,000		$	70,000
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flows Information:
Cash paid for interest	$	102,000		$	2,000
Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Deconsolidation of VIE	$	9,494,000		$	—
Elimination of deferred offering cost of abandoned SPAC’s initial public offering	$	—		$	37,978,000
Change in fair value due to warrant modification	$	—		$	13,728,000
Operating lease assets and liabilities s from adoption of ASC 842	$	—		$	8,970,000
Increase in marketable securities in trust account and Class A mandatory redeemable common shares	$	801,000		$	—
Transfer of preferred shares to common shares	$	1,000		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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ShiftPixy, Inc.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1: Nature of Operations

ShiftPixy, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated on June 3, 2015, in the State of Wyoming. The Company is a specialized Human Capital service provider that provides solutions for large, contingent, part-time workforce demands, primarily in the restaurant and hospitality service trades. The Company’s historic focus has been on the quick service restaurant industry in Southern California, but the Company has expanded into other geographic areas and industries that employ temporary or part-time labor sources, notably including the healthcare industry.

The Company functions as an employment administrative services (“EAS”) provider primarily through its wholly owned subsidiary, ReThink Human Capital Management, Inc. (“HCM”), as well as a staffing provider through another of its wholly owned subsidiaries, ShiftPixy Staffing, Inc. (“Staffing”). These subsidiaries provide a variety of services to our clients typically as a co-employer through HCM and a direct employer through Staffing, including the following: administrative services, payroll processing, human resources consulting, and workers’ compensation administration and coverage (as permitted and/or required by state law). The Company has built a human resources information systems (“HRIS”) platform to assist in customer acquisition that simplifies the onboarding of new clients into the Company’s closed proprietary operating and processing information system (the “ShiftPixy Ecosystem”). The Company expects this HRIS platform to facilitate additional value-added services in future reporting periods.

In January 2020, the Company sold the assets of Shift Human Capital Management Inc. (“SHCM”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, pursuant to which the Company assigned the majority of the Company’s billable clients at the time of the sale to a third party for cash. The continuing impact of this transaction on the Company’s financial statements is described below in Note 3, Discontinued Operations.

Effective September 1, 2022, the Company filed articles of amendment to the Company’s articles of incorporation to effect a one-for-one hundred (1:100) reverse split of the Company’s issued and outstanding share of common stock. The reverse split became effective on NASDAQ, September 1, 2022. All share related numbers in this Report on Form 10-Q give effect to this reverse split.

Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) applicable to interim reports of smaller reporting companies. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. The results of unaudited condensed operations for the three and nine months end May 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending August 31, 2023.

For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2022 (“Fiscal 2022”), filed with the SEC on December 13, 2022, as amended by Forms 10-K/A, filed with the SEC on December 14, 2022, February 3, 2023 and February 9, 2023, respectively.

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Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ShiftPixy, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements previously included the accounts of Industrial Human Capital, Inc. (“IHC”), which was a special purpose acquisition company, or “SPAC,” for which our wholly owned subsidiary, ShiftPixy Investments, Inc., served as the financial sponsor (as described below), and which SPAC was deemed to be controlled by us as a result of the Company’s 15% equity ownership stake, the overlap of three of our executive officers for a period of time as executive officers of IHC, and significant influence that the Company exercised over the funding and acquisition of new operations for an initial business combination (“IBC”). (See Note 2, Variable Interest Entity). All intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation. As of February 7, 2023, IHC was not a part of the Company’s operations, and consolidation. IHC was dissolved on November 14, 2022, and the Trustee released all the redemption funds from the Trust Account, See Note 4, to IHC shareholders on December 1, 2022, effectively liquidating the Trust. On February 7, 2023, three creditors of IHC filed an involuntary petition for liquidation under Chapter 7 against IHC in the US Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Florida. See Note 4, Pursuant to ASC 810-10-15, consolidation is precluded where control does not rest for a non-controlling interest in legal reorganization or bankruptcy. In addition, IHC did not meet the criteria of a Variable Interest Entity (VIE), see Note 4.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include:

	·	Continuation as a going concern; management assumes that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets and liquidation of all liabilities in the normal course of business

	·	Liability for legal contingencies

	·	Useful lives of property and equipment

	·	Deferred income taxes and related valuation allowance

	·	Projected development of workers’ compensation claims.

These significant accounting estimates or assumptions bear the risk of change due to the fact that there are uncertainties attached to these estimates or assumptions are difficult to measure of value.

Management regularly reviews the key factors and assumptions to develop the estimates utilizing currently available information, changes in facts and circumstances, historical experience, and reasonable assumptions. After such valuation, if deemed appropriate, those estimates are adjusted accordingly.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern

Under the existing accounting guidance, management must evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. This evaluation initially does not take into consideration the potential mitigating effect of management’s plans that have not been fully implemented as of the date the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. When substantial doubt is determined to exist, management evaluates whether the mitigating effect of its plans sufficiently alleviates substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The mitigating effect of management’s plans; however, is only considered if both (1) it is probable that the plans will be effectively implemented within one year after the date the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued, and (2) it is probable that the plans, when implemented, may mitigate the relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. Therefore, management has concluded that there is substantial doubt in the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the next twelve months.

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As of May 31, 2023, the Company had cash of $0.1 million and a working capital deficit of $41.7 million. During the nine months ended May 31, 2023, the Company used approximately $6.7 million of cash from its continuing operations and incurred recurring losses, resulting in an accumulated deficit of $211.4 million. As of May 31, 2023, the Company is delinquent with respect to remitting payroll tax payments to the IRS. The Company has been in communication with the IRS regarding amounts owing in relation to Employee Retention Tax Credits (“ERTCs”) due. In addition, some clients have filed suits against the Company, demanding that the Company take action to file for additional ERTCs for certain tax periods. Until the matter is concluded, and the taxes are paid, the IRS could, subject to its standard processes and the Company’s right to respond, implement collection actions, including such actions as levying against Company bank accounts, to recover the amounts that it calculates to be due and owing.

Historically, the Company’s principal source of financing has come through the sale of the Company's common stock, including in certain instances, warrants and the issuance of convertible notes.

On January 31, 2023, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 and related prospectus for the sale of up to $100 million of the Company’s equity securities via a “shelf” or "at-the-market” (“ATM”) sales mechanism over a three-year period. The registration statement also included a prospectus supplement providing for the sale of up to $8,187,827 of the Company’s shares of common stock, which the Company proposed to effect pursuant to an ATM Issuance Sales Agreement (“Sales Agreement”) executed with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (the “Agent” or “AGP”). Under the Sales Agreement, the Company’s shares of common stock could be sold from time to time and at various prices at the Company’s sole control, subject to the conditions and limitations in the Sales Agreement with AGP. The ATM was scheduled to expire on January 31, 2026. For the nine-months ended May 31, 2023, the Company received $2.4 million in gross proceeds ($2.0 million, net of costs) from the sale of 439,429 shares of the Company’s common stock. On May 22, 2023, the Company terminated the Sales Agreement and concluded the ATM. There is a limitation on the amount of funds that the Company can access under the baby shelf rules which is the value of a company’s public float if less than $75 million, The Company can only raise ⅓ of its float value over the previous 12-month period.

On July 12, 2023, the Company priced a “best efforts” public offering for the sale by the Company of an aggregate of 1,166,667 shares of common stock, 900,000 pre-funded warrants, and 2,066,667 common warrants. The public offering price was $1.50 per share and accompanying common warrant, or $1.4999 per pre-funded warrant and accompanying common warrant. The pre-funded warrants are exercisable immediately, may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full, and have an exercise price of $0.0001. The common warrants are exercisable immediately for a term of five years and have an exercise price of $1.50 per share. 1,100,000 shares, 900,000 pre-funded warrants and 2,000,000 common warrants under the offering were sold pursuant to a securities purchase agreement with an investor. A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners acted as placement agent for the offering and received a fee of 7% of the gross proceeds and reimbursement of $75,000 of expenses. The total estimated offering expenses were approximately $0.6millon and the net proceeds of approximately $2.5 million. The offering closed on July 14, 2023. Effective upon closing of the offering, the exercise price of an aggregate of 1,186,742 outstanding warrants the Company issued to an investor in 2020 and 2022 was reduced to $1.50 per share, subject to further adjustment as provided in the warrants, pursuant to a warrant amendment the Company entered into with the investor.

The Company’s plans and expectations for the next twelve months include raising additional capital to help fund expansion of the Company’s operations and strengthening of the Company’s sales force strategy by focusing on staffing services as the key driver to improve the Company’s margin and the continued support and functionality improvement of the Company’s information technology (“IT”) and HRIS platform. This expanded go-to-market strategy will focus on building a national account portfolio managed by a newly-formed regional team of senior sales executives singularly focused on sustained quarterly revenue growth and gross profit margin expansion. The Company expects to continue to invest in the Company’s HRIS platform, ShiftPixy Labs, and other growth initiatives, all of which have required and will continue to require significant cash expenditures.

The Company expects to raise capital from additional sales of its securities during this fiscal year either through registered public offerings or private placements, the proceeds of which the Company intends to use to fund its operations and growth initiatives. There can be no assurance that we will be able to sell securities on terms that the Company is seeking, or at all. Although management believes that its current cash position, along with its anticipated revenue growth and proceeds from future sales of its securities, when combined with prudent expense management, could alleviate substantial doubt, there is no assurance about its ability to continue as a going concern and to fund its operations for at least one year from the date these financials are available (even with the absence of any funded debt outstanding on its balance sheet). If these sources do not provide the capital necessary to fund the Company’s operations during the next twelve months, it may need to curtail certain aspects of its operations or expansion activities, consider the sale of additional assets, or consider other means of financing. The Company can give no assurance that it will be successful in implementing its business plan and obtaining financing on advantageous terms, or that any such additional financing will be available. If the Company is not successful in obtaining the necessary financing, we do not currently have the cash resources to meet our operating commitments for the next twelve months. Therefore, management has concluded that there is substantial doubt in the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for the next twelve months.

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Reclassification

The Company reclassified certain expenses to conform to the current year's presentation.

Revenue and Direct Cost Recognition

The Company’s revenues are primarily disaggregated into fees for providing staffing solutions and EAS/HCM services. The Company enters into contracts with its clients for Staffing or EAS based on a stated rate and price in the contract. Contracts generally have a term of 12 months, however, are cancellable at any time by either party with 30 days’ written notice. The performance obligations in the agreements are generally combined into one performance obligation, as they are considered a series of distinct services, and are satisfied over time because the client simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided as the Company performs the services. Payments for the Company’s services are typically made in advance of, or at the time that the services are provided. The Company does not have significant financing components or significant payment terms for its customers and consequently has no material credit losses. The Company uses the output method based on a stated rate and price over the payroll processed to recognize revenue, as the value to the client of the goods or services transferred to date appropriately depicts the Company’s performance towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation.

Staffing Solutions

The Company records gross billings as revenues for its staffing solutions clients. The Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the staffing solutions services and has discretion in establishing price. The Company includes the payroll costs in revenues with a corresponding increase to cost of revenues for payroll costs associated with these services. As a result, we are the principal in this arrangement for revenue recognition purposes.

EAS Solutions / HCM

EAS solutions revenue is primarily derived from the Company’s gross billings, which are based on (i) the payroll cost of the Company’s worksite employees (“WSEs”) and (ii) a mark-up computed as a percentage of payroll costs for payroll taxes and workers’ compensation premiums.

Gross billings are invoiced to each EAS client concurrently with each periodic payroll of the Company’s WSEs, which coincides with the services provided and which is typically a fixed percentage of the payroll processed. Revenues, which exclude the payroll cost component of gross billings and therefore consist solely of markup, are recognized ratably over the payroll period as WSEs perform their services at the client worksite. Although the Company assumes responsibility for processing and remitting payroll and payroll related obligations, it does not assume employment-related responsibilities such as determining the amount of the payroll and related payroll obligations. As a result, the Company records revenue on a “net” basis in this arrangement for revenue recognition purposes. Revenues that have been recognized but not invoice are included in unbilled accounts receivable on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets were $2.0 million and $2.1 million, as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively.

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Consistent with the Company’s revenue recognition policy for EAS clients, direct costs do not include the payroll cost of its WSEs. The cost of revenue associated with the Company’s revenue generating activities is primarily comprised of all other costs related to its WSEs, such as the employer portion of payroll-related taxes, employee benefit plan premiums and workers’ compensation insurance costs.

The fees collected from the worksite employers for benefits (i.e. zero-margin benefits pass-through), workers’ compensation and state unemployment taxes are presented in revenues and the associated costs of benefits, workers’ compensation and state unemployment taxes are included in operating expenses for EAS clients, as the Company does retain risk and acts as a principal with respect to this aspect of the arrangement. With respect to these fees, the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the service and has discretion in establishing price.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company’s primary revenue streams include HCM and staffing services. The Company’s disaggregated revenues for the nine months ended May 31, and May 31, 2022, respectively, were as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
Revenue (in thousands):	May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022		May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022

HCM¹	$	111	$	1,734	$	1,521	$	4,052
Staffing		3,877		7,909		12,312		24,969

¹ HCM revenue is presented net, $8.3 million and $30.7 million gross billings less WSE payroll costs of $8.2 million and $29.2 million for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023, respectively. Gross billings were $13.9 million and $39.4 million less WSE payroll costs of 12.2 million and $35.3 million for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2022, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, the following geographical regions represented more than 10% of total revenues:

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Nine Months Ended
Region:	May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022			May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022

California		33.1	%		49.0	%		42.5	%		52.2	%
Washington		15.5	%		14.9	%		12.8	%		13.7	%
New Mexico		12.9	%		7.6	%		11.9	%		7.4	%

Incremental Cost of Obtaining a Contract

Pursuant to the “practical expedients” provided under Accounting Standards Update “ASC” No 2014-09, the Company expenses sales commissions when incurred because the terms of its contracts are cancellable by either party upon 30 day’' notice. These costs are recorded in commissions in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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Segment Reporting

Prior to August 31, 2021, the Company operated as one reportable segment under Accounting Standards Codification “ASC” 280, Segment Reporting. The chief operating decision maker regularly reviews the financial information of the Company at a consolidated level in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Reporting and monitoring activities on a segment basis will allow the chief operating decision maker to evaluate operating performance more effectively. However, the Company is working on its systems to properly allocate to its business segments. However, the CEO is actively involved in the day to day business and is aware of the overall segment information.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased as cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalent as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022.

Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account

As of August 31, 2022, substantially all of the assets held in the Trust Account were invested in U.S. Treasury securities with maturities of 180 days or less. These funds are restricted for use and may only be used for purposes of completing an initial business combination ("IB") or redemption of the public common shares of IHC. On December 1, 2022, the Company distributed $117.6 million to the shareholders of IHC. There were no assets held in the Trust Account as of May 31, 2023.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company maintains cash with a commercial bank, which is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). At various times, the Company has deposits in this financial institution in excess of the amount insured by the FDIC. The Company has not experienced any losses related to these balances and believes its credit risk to be minimal. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, there was $0.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of cash on deposit in excess of the amounts insured by the FDIC.

The following represents clients who have ten percent of total accounts receivable as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively.

	As of
	May 31, 2023			August 31, 2022
Clients:	(Unaudited)
Client 1		57.8	%	—		%
Client 2		21.4	%		41.9	%
Client 3		9.6	%		13.7	%
Client 4		6.3	%		21.9	%
Client 5	—		%		20.7	%

Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Expenditures for major additions and improvements are capitalized and minor replacements, maintenance, and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When fixed assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations for the respective period. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful life or the initial lease term.

Fixed assets are recorded at cost and are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the related assets using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment for purposes of computing depreciation are as follows:

Equipment:	5 years
Furniture & Fixtures:	5 – 7 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of useful life or the remaining lease term, typically 5 years

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Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended May 31, 2023 and May 31, 2022 was $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, and included on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Depreciation and amortization expense for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and May 31, 2022 was $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

Computer Software Development

Software development costs relate primarily to software coding, systems interfaces and testing of the Company’s proprietary employer information systems and are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification “ASC” 350-40, Internal Use Software.

Internal software development costs are capitalized from the time the internal use software is considered probable of completion until the software is ready for use. Business analysis, system evaluation and software maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. The capitalized computer software development costs are reported under the section fixed assets, net in the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, generally three to five years from when the asset is placed in service.

The Company determined that there was no material capitalized internal software development costs for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022. All capitalized software recorded was purchased from third party vendors. Capitalized software development costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, generally three to five years from when the asset is placed in service.

The Company incurred research and development costs of $0.2 million and $0.7 million for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023, respectively. During the three and nine months ended May 31, 2022, the Company incurred research and development costs of approximately $1.1 million and $5 million, respectively. All costs were related to internally developed or externally contracted software and related technology for the Company’s HRIS platform and related mobile application.

Lease Recognition

The Financial Accounting Standards Board "FASB" established Topic 842, Leases, by issuing ASU No. 2016-02 “ASC” 842, which required lessees to recognize leases on the balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842; ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases; and ASU No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements. The standard established a right-of-use asset model (“ROU”) that required a lessee to recognize an ROU operating lease asset and lease liability on the condensed balance sheets for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases are classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Impairment and Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

The Company periodically evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment in accordance with ASC 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment. ASC 360-10 requires that an impairment loss be recognized for assets to be disposed of or held-for-use when the carrying amount of an asset is deemed not to be recoverable. If events or circumstances were to indicate that any of the Company’s long-lived assets might be impaired, the Company would assess recoverability based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows to be generated from the applicable asset. In addition, the Company may record an impairment loss to the extent that the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Fair value is generally determined using an estimate of discounted future net cash flows from operating activities or upon disposal of the asset. The Company assessed impairment for the periods presented and no impairment charges were deemed necessary.

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Workers’ Compensation

Everest Program

Until July 2018, a portion of the Company’s workers’ compensation risk was covered by a retrospective rated policy through Everest National Insurance Company, which calculates the final policy premium based on the Company’s loss experience during the term of the policy and the stipulated formula set forth in the policy. The Company funded the policy based on standard premium rates on a monthly basis and based on the gross payroll applicable to workers covered by the policy. During the policy term and thereafter, periodic adjustments may involve either a return of previously paid premiums or a payment of additional premiums by the Company or a combination of both. If the Company’s losses under that policy exceed the expected losses under that policy, then the Company could receive a demand for additional premium payments. The Company became engaged in litigation regarding such a demand for additional premium payments; however, the Company has entered into a settlement agreement with Everest and Gallagher Bassett, concluding the litigation. See Note 9, Contingencies, Everest Litigation, below and Note 10 subsequent events. The Company has accrued for this settlement as of May 31, 2023.

Sunz Program

From July 2018 through February 28, 2021, the Company’s workers’ compensation program for its WSEs was provided primarily through an arrangement with United Wisconsin Insurance Company and administered by Sunz Insurance Solutions, LLC (“Sunz”). Under this program, the Company has financial responsibility for the first $0.5 million of claims per occurrence. The Company provides and maintains a loss fund that is earmarked to pay claims and claims related expenses. The workers’ compensation insurance carrier establishes monthly funding requirements comprised of premium costs and funds to be set aside for payment of future claims (“claim loss funds”). The level of claim loss funds is primarily based upon anticipated WSE payroll levels and expected workers’ compensation loss rates, as determined by the insurance carrier. Monies funded into the program for incurred claims expected to be paid within one year were recorded as Deposit - workers’ compensation, a short-term asset, while the remainder of claim funds were included in Deposit - workers’ compensation, a long-term asset in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company is currently engaged in litigation regarding demands by Sunz for additional claims loss funds, which we believe to be without merit, as discussed at Note 9, Contingencies, Sunz Litigation, below.

Under the Everest and Sunz programs, the Company utilized a third party to estimate its loss development rate, which was based primarily upon the nature of WSEs’ job responsibilities, the location of WSEs, the historical frequency and severity of workers’ compensation claims, and an estimate of future cost trends. Each reporting period, changes in the assumptions resulting from changes in actual claims experience and other trends are incorporated into its workers’ compensation claims cost estimates.

There were no workers compensation deposits related to these programs as of May 31, 2023, and as of August 31, 2022, respectively.

Current Program

Effective March 1, 2021, the Company migrated its clients to a guaranteed cost program. Under this program, the Company’s financial responsibility is limited to the cost of the workers’ compensation premium. The Company funds the workers’ compensation premium based on standard premium rates on a monthly basis and based on the gross payroll applicable to workers covered by the policy. Any final adjustments to the premiums are based on the final audited exposure multiplied by the applicable rates, classifications, experience modifications and any other associated rating criteria.

With regard to the prior programs, which continue until fully concluded, the Company’s estimate of incurred claim costs expected to be paid within one year is included in short-term liabilities, while its estimate of incurred claim costs expected to be paid beyond one year is included in long-term liabilities on its consolidated balance sheets. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the Company had short term accrued workers’ compensation costs of $0.4 million and $0.6 million, and long-term accrued workers’ compensation costs of $0.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

The Company retained workers’ compensation asset reserves and workers’ compensation related liabilities for former WSEs of clients transferred to Shiftable HR Acquisition, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Vensure Employer Services, Inc. (“Vensure”), in connection with the Vensure Asset Sale described in Note 3, Discontinued Operations, below. As of May 31, 2023, the retained workers’ compensation assets and liabilities are presented as a discontinued operation net asset or liability. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the Company had $1.8 million and $1.4 million in short-term liabilities, and $4.1 million and $3.3 million in long-term liabilities, respectively. The Company had no related worker's compensation assets as of May 31, 2023 and as of August 31, 2022, respectively.

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Because the Company bears the financial responsibility for claims up to the level noted above, such claims, which are the primary component of its workers’ compensation costs, are recorded in the period incurred. Workers’ compensation insurance includes ongoing health care and indemnity coverage whereby claims are paid over numerous years following the date of injury. Accordingly, the accrual of related incurred costs in each reporting period includes estimates, which take into account the ongoing development of claims and therefore require a significant level of judgment. In estimating ultimate loss rates, the Company utilizes historical loss experience, exposure data, and actuarial judgment, together with a range of inputs that are primarily based upon the WSE’s job responsibilities, their location, the historical frequency and severity of workers’ compensation claims, and an estimate of future cost trends. For each reporting period, changes in the actuarial assumptions resulting from changes in actual claims experience and other trends are incorporated into the Company’s workers’ compensation claims cost estimates. The estimated incurred claims are based upon: (i) the level of claims processed during each quarter; (ii) estimated completion rates based upon recent claim development patterns under the plan; and (iii) the number of participants in the plan.

The Company has had very limited and immaterial COVID-19 related claims between March 2020 through the date of this Quarterly Report, although there is a possibility of additional workers’ compensation claims being made by furloughed WSEs as a result of the employment downturn caused by the pandemic. On May 4, 2020, the State of California indicated that workers who become ill with COVID-19 would have a potential claim against workers’ compensation insurance for their illnesses. There is a possibility that additional workers’ compensation claims could be made by employees required to work by their employers during the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have a material impact on the Company's workers’ compensation liability estimates. While the Company has not seen significant additional expenses as a result of any such potential claims to date, which would include claims for reporting periods after May 31, 2023, we continue to monitor closely all workers’ compensation claims made in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting Standard Codification "ASC" 820, Fair Value Measurement, requires entities to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized on the balance sheet, for which it is practical to estimate fair value. ASC 820 defines fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, the carrying value of certain financial instruments (cash, accounts receivable and payable) approximated fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments. Notes Receivable is valued at the Company's estimate of expected collections value as described below, See Note 3, Discontinued Operations.

The Company measures fair value under a framework that utilizes a hierarchy prioritizing the inputs to relevant valuation techniques. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of inputs used in measuring fair value are:

	·	Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access.

	·	Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include

	·	Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets

	·	Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets

	·	Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability

	·	Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means; and

	·	If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, the Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability

Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement

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Funds held in Trust Account represent U.S. treasury bills that was restricted for use and may only be used for purposes of completing an IBC or redemption of the public shares of common stock of the SPACs as set forth in their respective trust agreements. The funds held in trust are included within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and included in cash and marketable securities held in Trust Account in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Trustee distributed all the funds in the Trust Account to the shareholders of IHC on December 1, 2022.

When the Company changes its valuation inputs for measuring financial assets and liabilities at fair value, either due to changes in current market conditions or other factors, it could be required to transfer those assets or liabilities to another level in the hierarchy based on the new inputs used. The Company recognizes these transfers at the end of the reporting period that the transfers occur. The development and determination of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements and the fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s chief financial officer and are approved by the chief executive officer. There were no transfers out of Level 3 for the nine months ended May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses all advertising as incurred. Advertising expense for the three months ended May 31, 2023 and May 31, 2022 was $0.8 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Advertising expense for the nine months end May 31, 2023 and May 31, 2022 was $2.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes pursuant to ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under ASC 740, deferred income taxes are provided on a liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss carryforwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The provision for income taxes represents the tax expense for the period, if any, and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. ASC 740 also provides criteria for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions. Under ASC 740, the impact of an uncertain tax position on the income tax return may only be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. A full valuation allowance was recorded as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively,

Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net income or net (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income or net (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Common stock outstanding for purposes of net income or net (loss) per share calculations include options, warrants, shares of common stock to be issued to directors for services provided and Preferred Option. Diluted net income or and net (loss) per share is computed similar to basic income or net (loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include additional common stock equivalents available upon exercise of stock options, warrants, shares of common stock to be issued to directors for services provided and Preferred Option using the treasury stock method. Dilutive common stock equivalents include the dilutive effect of in-the-money stock equivalents, which are calculated based on the average share price for each period using the treasury stock method, excluding any common stock equivalents if their effect would be anti-dilutive. In periods in which a net loss has been incurred, all potentially dilutive common stock shares are considered anti-dilutive and thus are excluded from the calculation. Securities that are excluded from the calculation of weighted average dilutive common stock, because their inclusion would have been antidilutive, are:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022		May 31, 2023		May 31, 2022
Options (See Note 5)		10,003		15,498		10,003		15,498
Warrants (See Note 5)		1,252,749		224,402		1,252,749		224,402
Shares of common stock to be issued to directors for services provided, (See Note 7)		59,040		—		59,040		—
Preferred Option (Note 5)		37,570		—		37,570		—
Total potentially dilutive shares		1,359,362		239,900		1,359,362		239,900

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For the table above, “Options” represent all options granted under the Company’s 2017 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan (the "Plan"), as described in Note 5, Stock Based Compensation, below.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has one stock-based compensation plan under which the Company may issue awards, as described in Note 5, Stock Based Compensation, below. The Company accounts for the Plan under the recognition and measurement principles of ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, which requires all stock-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations at their fair values.

The grant date fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton (“Black-Scholes”) pricing model. For all employee stock options, the Company recognizes expense on an accelerated basis over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant).

The Company’s option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility and expected term. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock since the Company's initial public offering. Any changes in these highly subjective assumptions significantly impact stock-based compensation expense.

The Company elects to account for forfeitures as they occur. As such, compensation cost previously recognized for an unvested award that is forfeited because of the failure to satisfy a service condition is revised in the period of forfeiture.

The methods and assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of stock-based awards are consistent with those described in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending August 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on December 13, 2022, and the amendments thereto on Forms 10-K/A filed with the SEC on December 14, 2022, February 3, 2023 and February 9, 2023, respectively, which include a detailed description of the Company's stock-based compensation awards, including information related to vesting terms, service and performance conditions, payout percentages, and process for estimating the fair value of stock options granted.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board "FASB" issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). This standard requires an impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, each reporting entity should estimate an allowance for expected credit losses, which is intended to result in more timely recognition of losses. This model replaces multiple existing impairment models in current. GAAP, which generally requires a loss to be incurred before it is recognized. The new standard applies to trade receivables arising from revenue transactions such as contract assets and accounts receivable. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when, among other criteria, it is probable that an entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to when goods or services are transferred to a customer. When trade receivables are recorded, they become subject to the CECL model and estimates of expected credit losses on trade receivables over their contractual life will be required to be recorded at inception based on historical information, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. For the three months ended May 31, 2023, the Company adopted this guidance, and it was not material to the results of operations.

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Variable Interest Entity

The Company has been involved in the formation of various entities considered to be Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”). The Company evaluates the consolidation of these entities as required pursuant to ASC Topic 810 relating to the consolidation of VIEs. These VIEs are SPACs.

The Company’s determination of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE is based in part on an assessment of whether or not the Company and its related parties are exposed to the majority of the risks and rewards of the entity. Typically, the Company is entitled to substantially all or a portion of the economics of these VIEs. The Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE entities.

Through November 30, 2022, only one of the four SPAC companies existed, See Note 4 Special Purpose Acquisition Company Sponsorship that has more information regarding the remaining SPAC company. There are no SPAC companies as of February 7, 2022.

In connection with the IPO in October 2021, the Company purchased, through its wholly owned subsidiary, ShiftPixy Investments, Inc. ("Investments" or the "Sponsor"), 4,639,102 private placement warrants ("Placement Warrants") at a price of $1.00 per warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $4,639,102, and the Company currently own 2,110,000 Founder Shares of IHC common stock, representing approximately 15% of the issued and outstanding common stock of IHC. Before the closing of the IPO, the Sponsor transferred 15,000 Founder Shares to IHC's independent directors, reducing its shareholdings from 2,125,000 to 2,110,000. Each Placement Warrant was identical to the warrants sold in the IPO, except as described in the IPO registration statement and prospectus. Following the completion of IHC's IPO, the Company determined that IHC was a VIE in which the Company had a variable interest because IHC did not have enough equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. The Company had also determined that IHC's public stockholders did not have substantive rights, and their equity interest constitutes temporary equity, outside of permanent equity, in accordance with ASC 480-10-S99-3A, at such time. As such, the Company concluded that they were the primary beneficiary of IHC as a VIE, as the Company had the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses of the entity, as well as the power to direct a majority of the activities that significantly impact IHC's economic performance. Since the Company was the primary beneficiary, IHC to be consolidated into the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial through February 7, 2023. See Note 4, for the dissolution of IHC and entire amount from the Trust Account to IHC shareholders on December 1, 2022. As of December, 1, 2021, the Company determined that IHC was not a VIE. The Company did not have the power to direct the operations of IHC since IHC was dissolved on November 14, 2022 and the assets of the Trust Account was distributed to its shareholders on December 1, 2022. The Company lost its voting rights, and there is no possibility of recouping its investment. As a result, the Company determined that IHC will not be consolidated into the unaudited condensed financial statements as of December 1, 2022 See Note 4 regarding three of IHC creditors forcing them into bankruptcy. As a result of the deconsolidation of the VIE on February 7, 2023, the Company recorded the elimination of $9.4 million of the non-controlling interest to additional paid-in capital as it was originally recorded. The net liabilities of IHC were $0.6 million as of February 7, 2023 that resulted in the Company recorded $0.6 million to other income and $0.5 million to non-controlling or, 85% of its non- ownership interest in IHC.

Subject to Possible Redemption

The Company previously accounts for its common stock holdings in its sponsored SPACs (which were consolidated in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements) through February 7, 2023, which was previously subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Shares of common stock subject to mandatory redemption are classified as a liability instrument and are measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable shares of common stock were classified as a current liability since the shares were redeemed as of August 31, 2022. Each sponsored SPAC's shares of common stock feature certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the SPAC's control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. However, since the common stock subject to redemption were paid to IHC shareholders on December 1. 2022, the fair market value as of August 31, 2022 was classified as a current liability. The Company has recorded increases or decreases in the carrying amount of the redeemable common stock are affected by charges against additional paid in-capital and accumulated deficit.

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Note 3: Discontinued Operations

On January 3, 2020, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Shiftable HR Acquisition, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Vensure, pursuant which was the assigned client contracts was significant to its revenues for the three months ended November 30, 2019, including 100% of the Company's existing PEO business. In connection with this transaction, the Company had a Note Receivable to be paid over four years.

For Fiscal 2020, the Company estimated the value of the Note Receivable at fair value as discussed in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, above. The Company recorded the Note Receivable based on the Company's estimate of expected collections which, in turn, was based on additional information obtained through discussions with Vensure and evaluation of the Company's records. On March 12, 2021, the Company received correspondence from Vensure proposing approximately $10.7 million of working capital adjustments under the terms of the Vensure Asset Sale agreement which, if accepted, would have had the effect of eliminating any sums owed to the Company under the Note Receivable. As indicated in the reconciliation table below, the Company has recorded $2.6 million of working capital adjustments, subject to final review and acceptance, and has provided for an additional reserve of $2.9 million for potential claims. By letter dated April 6, 2021, the Company disputed Vensure’s proposed adjustments and maintains that the amount Vensure owes the Company pursuant to the Note Receivable is as much as $9.5 million. The Company assessed the collectability of this note receivable during the reporting of its Fiscal Year End as of August 31, 2022, and determined that it was probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected and recorded a reserve on collectability of approximately $4 million. The disputes between the Company and Vensure regarding working capital adjustments under the Vensure Asset Sale agreement are currently the subject of litigation pending in the Delaware Chancery Court, as discussed at Note 9, Contingencies, Vensure Litigation, below.

The following reconciliation of the gross proceeds to the net proceeds from the Vensure Asset Sale is presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022.

	As of
	May 31, 2023 (Unaudited)			August 31, 2022
Gross proceeds	$	19,166,000		$	19,166,000
Cash received at closing – asset sale		(9,500,000	)		(9,500,000	)
Cash received at closing – working capital		(166,000	)		(166,000	)
Gross note receivable	$	9,500,000		$	9,500,000

Less: Transaction reconciliation – estimated working capital adjustments		(2,604,000	)		(2,604,000	)
Adjusted Note Receivable		6,896,000			6,896,000
Reserve for estimated potential claims		(2,892,000	)		(2,892,000	)
Reserve for potential collectability concerns	$	(4,004,000	)	$	(4,004,000	)
Long-term note receivable, estimated net realizable value	$	—		$	—

As of May 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022, as discussed above, the note receivables asset has been impaired to adjust the net realizable value of the long-term note receivable to zero and zero, respectively.

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The Vensure Asset Sale generated a gain of $15.6 million for during the fiscal year end August 31, 2020. The Company expected a minimal tax impact from the Vensure Asset Sale as it utilized its net operating losses accumulated since inception to offset the gain resulting from discontinued operations tax provision with a corresponding offset to the valuation allowance.

The Vensure Asset Sale met the criteria of discontinued operations set forth in ASC 205 and as such the Company has reclassified its discontinued operations for all periods presented and has excluded the results of its discontinued operations from continuing operations for all periods presented.

The terms of the Vensure Asset Sale call for adjustments to the Note Receivable either for: (i) working capital adjustments or (ii) in the event that the gross wages of the business transferred is less than the required amount.

(i) Working capital adjustments: Through May 31, 2023,, the Company has identified $2.6 million of likely working capital adjustments, including $88,000 related to lower net assets transferred at closing, and $2.5 million of cash remitted to the Company’s bank accounts, net of cash remitted to Vensure’s bank accounts. Under the terms of the Vensure Asset Sale, a reconciliation of the working capital was to have been completed by April 15, 2020. Due to operational difficulties and quarantined staff caused by the outbreak of COVID-19, Vensure requested a postponement of the working capital reconciliation that was due in Fiscal 2020. Although Vensure provided the Company with its working capital reconciliation on March 12, 2021, it failed to provide adequate documentation to support its calculations. Accordingly, the working capital adjustment recorded as of May 31, 2023, represents the Company’s estimate of the reconciliation adjustment by using Vensure’s claims and the limited supporting information Vensure provided as a starting point, and then making adjustments for amounts in dispute based upon the Company's internal records and best estimates. There is no assurance that the working capital change identified as of May 31, 2023 , represents the final working capital adjustment.

(ii) Gross billings adjustment: Under the terms of the Vensure Asset Sale, the proceeds of the transaction are reduced if the actual gross wages of customers transferred for Calendar 2020 are less than 90% of those customers’ Calendar 2019 gross wages. The Company has prepared an estimate of the Calendar 2020 gross wages based on a combination of factors including reports of actual transferred client billings in early Calendar 2020, actual gross wages of continuing customers of the Company, publicly available unemployment reports for the Southern California markets and the relevant COVID-19 impacts on employment levels, and other information. Based on the information available, the Company estimated that it would receive additional consideration below the required threshold and reduced the contingent consideration by $1.4 million. Vensure has not identified any such adjustments to date. Based on the information available, the Company reclassified the previously recorded gross wages claim to a general potential claims reserve for Fiscal 2021. No additional adjustments were made during the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

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The carrying amounts of the classes of assets and liabilities from the Vensure Asset Sale included in discontinued operations are as follows:

	As of
	May 31, 2023			August 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Deposits – workers’ compensation		—			—
Total current assets		—			—
Deposits – workers’ compensation		—			—
Total assets	$	—		$	—

Accrued workers’ compensation cost		1,765,000			1,362,000
Total current liabilities		1,765,000			1,362,000
Accrued workers’ compensation cost		4,133,000			3,269,000
Total liabilities		5,898,000			4,631,000

Net liability	$	(5,898,000	)	$	(4,631,000	)

Reported results for the discontinued operations by period were as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Nine Months Ended
	May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022			May 31, 2023			May 31, 2022

Revenues	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Cost of revenues		460,000			132,000			1,267,000			283,000
Gross profit (loss)		(460,000	)		(132,000	)		(1,267,000	)		(283,000	)

Total operating expenses		—			—			—			—

Loss from discontinued operations	$	(460,000	)	$	(132,000	)	$	(1,267,000	)	$	(283,000	)

Note 4: Special Purpose Acquisition Company ("SPAC") Sponsorship

IHC closed on its IPO effective October 2021, and its net proceeds of $116.7 million, the funds were placed in a trust account (the “Trust Account”), and was invested in U.S. government securities. The Company owned approximately 15% of its issued and outstanding stock. Furthermore, we anticipated that IHC would operate as a separately managed, publicly traded entity following the completion of its IPO. The operations of IHC have been consolidated in the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements through November 30, 2022.

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On October 14, 2022, the stockholders of IHC approved the proposed action to file an amended and restated certificate of incorporation to extend the date by which the Company has to consummate a Business Combination from October 22, 2022, to April 22, 2023, or a such earlier date as determined by the board of directors. The Company accordingly filed the Amendment with the Secretary of State of Delaware. In connection with the meeting, however, shareholders holding 11,251,347 Public Shares exercised their right to redeem their shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Trust Account, leaving 248,653 of the Company’s remaining Public Shares outstanding and the Trust Account substantially below the $5 million minimum net tangible asset amount required by IHC's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be available upon consummation of such Business Combination. IHC's efforts to secure the decisions of some shareholders to reverse their redemptions were unsuccessful, and IHC accordingly declined to fund the extension, cancelled the Amendment as filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware, and proceeded to cease operations, dissolve and unwind. The board of directors of IHC accordingly adopted resolutions to liquidate, dissolve and unwind the entity. IHC was dissolved on November 14, 2022, and the Trustee released all the redemption funds from the Trust Account to IHC shareholders on December 1, 2022, effectively liquidating the Trust. The Class A common shares subject to redemption were, however, classified as a current liability as of August 31, 2022 and through November 30, 2022. In view of the actions taken in November and December of 2022, the Company has concluded that as of February 7, 2023, the operations of IHC shall not be included in the Company's consolidation as IHC did not meet the criteria of a VIE. A net liability of $0.6 million was recorded to other income, and $0.5 million was recorded for the non-controlling interest, applicable to the 85% interest that the Company did not own of IHC.

On February 7, 2023, three creditors of IHC filed an involuntary petition for liquidation under Chapter 7 against IHC in the US Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Florida. The matter is proceeding, and the Company and its subsidiary, ShiftPixy Investments, Inc., are listed as two significant creditors of IHC. However, there can be no assurance that either the Company or ShiftPixy Investments, Inc. will recover any of the amounts owed to them by IHC from the bankruptcy estate.

Note 5: Stockholders’ Deficit

Preferred Stock

In September 2016, the founding shareholders of the Company were granted options to acquire preferred stock of the Company (the “Preferred Options”). The number of Preferred Options granted was based upon the number of shares held at the time of the grant. These Preferred Options are nontransferable and forfeited upon the sale of the related founding shares of common stock held by the option holder. Upon the occurrence of certain specified events, such founding shareholders can exercise each Preferred Option to purchase one share of preferred stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share. The preferred stock underlying the Preferred Options does not include any rights to dividends or preference upon liquidation of the Company and is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock on a one-for-one basis. Upon consummation of the Vensure Asset Sale in January 2020, a total of 24,634,560 Preferred Options became exercisable and exchangeable into an equal number of shares of the Company's common stock.

On June 4, 2020, Scott W. Absher, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, exercised 12,500,000 Preferred Options to purchase 12,500,000 shares of the Company's preferred stock for an aggregate purchase price of $1,250 per share, Immediately following the exercise of the Preferred Options, Mr. Absher elected to convert the 12,500,000 shares of preferred stock into 12,500,000 shares of common stock, which were subject to a 24-month lock-up period during which such shares could not be traded. Between July 20, 2020 and November 30, 2020, an additional 294,490 Preferred Options were exercised and converted into 294,490 shares of common stock, which are freely tradable.

On October 22, 2021, the Company’s board of directors canceled 11,790,000 Preferred Options previously issued to its co-founder, J. Stephen Holmes. As noted in Note 9, Contingencies, the trustee of the bankruptcy estate of Mr. Holmes is now asserting rights to these preferred options. Were the trustee to be successful in its claim, the Company would be obligated to issue up to 12,500,000 restricted shares of the Company's common stock to the trustee, which issuance would materially dilute the share ownership of the existing shareholders and could cause a material decline in the price per share of the Company's common stock. A total of 37,570 Preferred Options, in excess of the options claimed by the trustee of the bankruptcy estate of Mr. Holmes and issued pursuant to the September 2016 grant and triggered by the Vensure Asset Sale remain unexercised. The Preferred Options expire on December 31, 2023.

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The number of Preferred Options, and the number of shares of preferred stock issuable upon exercise of such options, is based upon the number of shares of common stock held by the option holders at the time the Preferred Options were issued in September 2016. Accordingly, in order to confirm the original intent of the granting of up to 25,000,000 Preferred Options to Mr. Absher, it has always been the Company’s intent to adopt a second grant of an additional 12,500,000 Preferred Options to Mr. Absher, whereby each option permits the holder to acquire one share of the Company’s preferred stock for $0.0001 per share. On August 13, 2021, consistent with this intent, the Company granted 12,500,000 Preferred Options to Mr. Absher to purchase shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 for consideration of $0.0001 per share. Each Preferred Option is exercisable for a period of twenty-four months upon (i) the acquisition of a Controlling Interest (as defined below) in the Company by any single shareholder or group of shareholders acting in concert (other than Mr. Absher), or (ii) the announcement of (x) any proposed merger, consolidation, or business combination in which the Company’s Common Stock is changed or exchanged, or (y) any sale or distribution of at least 50% of the Company’s assets or earning power, other than through a reincorporation. Each share of Preferred Stock is convertible into Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. “Controlling Interest” means the ownership or control of outstanding voting shares of the Company sufficient to enable the acquiring person, directly or indirectly and individually or in concert with others, to exercise one-fifth or more of all the voting power of the Company in the election of directors or any other business matter on which shareholders have the right to vote under the Wyoming Business Corporation Act.

On July 14, 2022, the Board of the Company approved the issuance to the Company’s founder and principal shareholder, Scott Absher, of 12,500,000 shares of the Company’s Preferred Class A Stock ("Preferred Shares"), par value $0.0001 per share, in exchange for (a) the surrender by Mr. Absher of his options to acquire 12,500,000 Preferred Shares, which Preferred Options provide for exercise upon certain triggering events as described above, and as detailed in the Company's prior filings, and (b) the tender of payment by Mr. Absher of the sum of $5,000, representing four times the par value for such Preferred Shares. The Company evaluated the Preferred Shares on the same date using Level 2 inputs based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock. The resulting allocated common share price was then discounted for a lack of marketability of shares, which yielded a fair value of $0.2322 per preferred share. The Company used the following assumptions to value the expense related to the Preferred Shares: (i) life of 10 years; (ii) risk free rate of 3.1%; (iii) volatility of 125.7%; (iv) exercise price of $0.0001 per share; and (v) a fair value of $0.3 per share of the Company’s common stock. These were recorded as compensation expense in the general and administrative expenses during the fiscal year August 31, 2022.

On August 12, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with Mr. Absher whereby he waived claims to certain unpaid compensation due to him through July 31, 2022, totaling $0.82 million, in exchange for an option to receive 4,100,000 shares of the Company's Preferred Class A Stock. The Company evaluated the Preferred Shares on the same date using Level 2 inputs based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock. The resulting allocated common share price was then discounted for a lack of marketability of shares, which yielded a fair value of $0.2025 per Preferred Share. The Company used the following assumptions to value the expense related to the Preferred Shares: (i) life of 10 years; (ii) risk free rate of 3.0%; (iii) volatility of 125.7%; (iv) exercise price of $0.0001 per share; and (v) a fair value of $0.23 per share of the Company’s common stock. Pursuant to Rule 144, these 4,100,000, when converted into shares of common stock, are subject to a six-month holding period during which they may not be sold in the marketplace. All of the 8,600,000 preferred shares were converted into common stock on September 1, 2022, after the Company's reverse stock split had taken effect. As of November 30, 2022, there were no preferred shares options or preferred shares outstanding. As a result of this transaction, the Company recorded a preferential dividend of $127.1 million based upon the incremental value of the stock that was held prior to the reverse stock split and the date of preferred stock conversion to common stock. In addition, this had no effect on stockholders' deficit.

Prior to the shareholder vote to approve the reverse stock split, the Company on August 2, 2022, amended its Articles of Incorporation to state that only the common stock is affected if the reverse stock split is effectuated with no intention to affect the preferred stock of the company. The reverse stock split was subsequently approved by the shareholders, and effectively the terms and conditions of the preferred stock were “deemed modified” and treated as an extinguishment (in accordance with ASC 470-50 and ASC 260-10-S99-2 for the disproportionate value received (the carrying value compared to the fair value received).

On September 1, 2022, Mr. Absher converted 8,600,000 Preferred Shares to 8,600,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Pursuant to Rule 144, these 8,600,000 shares of common stock are subject to a six-month holding period during which they may not be sold in the marketplace. All of the 8,600,000 preferred shares were converted into common shares on September 1, 2022, after the Company's reverse stock split had taken effect. Accordingly, no preferred shares are issued and outstanding as of May 31, 2023. As noted in Note 9 Contingencies, however, the trustee of the bankruptcy estate of Mr. Holmes is now asserting rights to preferred options and has attempted to convert preferred options into shares of preferred stock.

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Common Stock and Warrants

As reported in our 8-K filed on September 23, 2022, on September 20, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with a large institutional investor (the “Purchaser”) pursuant to which the Company sold to the Purchaser an aggregate of 416,667 shares (the “Shares”) of its common stock together with warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase up to 833,334 shares of common stock (collectively, the “Offering”). Each share of common stock and two accompanying Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $12.00. The Warrants are exercisable for a period of seven years commencing upon issuance at an exercise price of $12.00, subject to adjustment. The private placement closed on September 23, 2022. The net proceeds to the Company from the Offering were $4,378,000.

In connection with the Purchase Agreement, the Company and the Purchaser entered into Amendment No. 1 to Warrants (the “Warrant Amendment”). Pursuant to the Warrant Amendment, the exercise price of (i) 25,233 warrants issued on September 3, 2021, and (ii) 98,969 warrants issued on January 28, 2022, was reduced to $0.01. As a result of the change in exercise price, the Company recorded an expense of $106,000. The incremental change in the fair market values was based upon the Black- Scholes option pricing model with the following inputs. The risk free interest of 3.7%, expected volatility of 149.4%, dividend yield of 0% and expected term of 6.7 to 6.8 years.

A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (the “Placement Agent” or "AGP") acted as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the Offering pursuant to the terms of a Placement Agent Agreement, dated September 20, 2022, between the Company and the Placement Agent (the “Placement Agent Agreement”). Pursuant to the Placement Agent Agreement, the Company paid the Placement Agent a fee equal to 7.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from the Offering. In addition to the cash fee, the Company issued to the Placement Agent warrants to purchase up to 20,833 shares of common stock (5% of the number of shares sold in the Offering (the “Placement Agent Warrants”). The Placement Agent Warrants are exercisable for a period commencing six months from issuance, will expire four years from the effectiveness of a registration statement for the resale of the underlying shares, and have an initial exercise price of $13.20 per share.

On January 31, 2023, the Company filed a S-3 registration statement on Form S-3 for $100 million for the sale of up to $100 million of equity securities over a three year period. The SEC declared the S-3 effective on February 2, 2023. There is a limitation on the amount of funds that the Company can access under the baby shelf rules which is the value of a company’s public float if less than $75 million, The Company can only raise ⅓ of its float value over the previous 12-month period.

On January 31, 2023, the Company entered into an ATM Issuance Sales Agreement which was a part of the registration statement on Form S-3 and prospectus supplement. The at the market offering was for up to $8.2 million in shares of its common stock, could be sold from time to time and at various prices at the Company’s sole control, subject to the conditions and limitations in the sales agreement with AGP. For the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023, the Company received net proceeds of $0.5 million and $2.0 million from the sale of 133,988 and 439,328 shares of the Company’s common stock, respectivily. On May 22, 2023, the Company terminated the ATM.

On May 17, 2021, the Company issued warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 49,484 shares of our common stock, with an exercise price of $242.50 (the "Existing Warrants"). The Existing Warrants were immediately exercisable and expire on June 15, 2026. On January 26, 2022, we entered into a Warrant Exercise Agreement ("the Exercise Agreement") with the holder of the Existing Warrants (the "Exercising Holder"). Pursuant to the Exercise Agreement, the Exercising Holder and the Company agreed that, subject to any applicable beneficial ownership limitations, the Exercising Holder would cash exercise up to 49,484 of its Existing Warrants (the "Investor Warrants") into shares of our common stock underlying such Existing Warrants (the "Exercised Shares"). To induce the Exercising Holder to exercise the Investor Warrants, the Exercise Agreement (i) amended the Investor Warrants to reduce their exercise price per share to $120.00 and (ii) provided for the issuance of a new warrant to purchase up to approximately 98,969 shares of our common stock (the “January 2022 Common Warrant”), with such January 2022 Common Warrant being issued on the basis of two January 2022 Common Warrant shares for each share of the Existing Warrant that was exercised for cash. The January 2022 Common Warrant is exercisable commencing on July 28, 2022, terminates on July 28, 2027, and has an exercise price per share of $155.00. The Exercise Agreement generated aggregate proceeds to the Company of approximately $5.9 million, prior to the deduction of $0.5 million of costs consisting of placement agent commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company. As a result of the warrant modification, which reduced the exercise price of the Existing Warrants, as well as the issuance of the January 2022 Common Warrants, the Company recorded approximately (i) $0.64 million for the increased fair value of the modified warrants; and (ii) $12.6 million as the fair value of the January 2022 Common Warrants on the date of issuance. We recorded approximately $5.5 million as issuance costs that offset the $5.5 million of additional paid-in capital the received for the cash exercise of the existing Warrants at the reduced exercise price, while the remaining $7.7 million was recorded as a deemed dividend on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, resulting in a reduction of income available to common shareholders in our basic earnings per share calculation.

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During the three months ended May 31, 2022, certain prefunded warrant holders exercised their right to purchase 4,673,321 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 totaling $467, all of which was received by the Company in May 2022.

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s common stock and prefunded warrants for the period ended May 31, 2023.

	Number of shares			Weighted average remaining life (years)		Weighted average exercise price
Warrants outstanding, August 31, 2022		522,786			7.2		47.99
Issued		854,166			6.3		12.02
Exercised		(124,203	)		—		—
Warrants outstanding and exercisable, May 31, 2023		1,252,749			6.4	$	35.68

The following table summarizes the Company’s warrants outstanding as of May 31, 2023:

	Warrants Outstanding		Weighted Average Life of Outstanding Warrants (In years)		Exercise price
September 2022 Common Warrants (Note 10)		833,334		6.3	$	12.00
September 2022 Underwriter Warrants		20,833		3.9		13.20
July 2022 Common Warrants (Note 10)		348,408		7.1		26.00
Sep 2021Underwriter Warrants		3,762		5.9		175.00
May 2021Underwriter Warrants		2,474		3.0		243.00
October 2020 Common Warrants (1)		23,000		2.4		330.00
October 2020 Underwriter Warrants		2,000		2.4		330.00
May 2020 Common Warrants		12,776		2.0		540.00
May 2020 Underwriter Warrants		1,111		2.0		540.00
March 2020 Exchange Warrants		4,237		2.3		1,017.00
Amended March 2019 Warrants		663		0.8		4,000.00
March 2019 Services Warrants		34		0.8		7,000.00
June 2018 Warrants		63		0.5		9,960.00
June 2018 Services Warrants		54		0.5		9,960.00
		1,252,749		6.4	$	35.68

(1) See Note 10 Subsequent Events as 5,000 of the 23,000 warrants had change in the exercise price to $1.50 per share.

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Note 6: Stock Based Compensation

Employee Stock Option Plan Increase

In March 2017, the Company adopted its 2017 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan (the “Plan”). The Plan provides incentives to eligible employees, officers, directors and consultants in the form of incentive stock options (“ISOs”), non-qualified stock options (“NQs”) (each of which is exercisable into shares of common stock) (collectively, “Options”), or shares of common stock (“Share Grants”). On March 31, 2021, the Shareholders approved an increase in the number of shares of common stock issuable under the Plan from 2,500 to 30,000. On March 6, 2023, the shareholders approved an increase in the number of shares of common stock issuable under the Plan from 30,000 to 750,000. As of May 31, 2023, there are 749,997 shares available under the Plan.

For all options to purchase common stock granted prior to July 1, 2020, each option has a term of service vesting provision over a period of time as follows: 25% vest after a 12-month service period following the award, with the balance vesting in equal monthly installments over the succeeding 36 months. Options granted on or after July 1, 2020 typically vest over four years, with 25% of the grant vesting one year from the grant date, and the remainder in equal quarterly installments over the succeeding 12 quarters. All options granted to purchase common stock have a ten year term.

Stock grants are issued at fair value, considered to be the market price on the grant date. The fair value of option awards is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes stock option pricing model.

Following its adoption of ASU 2016-9, the Company elected to account for forfeitures under the Plan as they occur. Any compensation cost previously recognized for an unvested award that is forfeited because of a failure to satisfy a service condition is reversed in the period of the forfeiture.

Stock-based compensation expense was $0.2 million and $0.7 million for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2023, respectively. Stock-based compensation was approximately $0.3 million and $1.1 million of compensatio